|
|
|
|
Sumo |
| Section: CULTURE / PEOPLES |
| Author: Paul Crook |
| Publication:
The World & I Online |
| Issue Date: 1/1/1988 |
| Size: 4,200 Words, 26,329 Characters |
|
The natives delight in assuring you that Nagoya's summer is the worst in all Japan and that outsiders have never experienced anything like it. During these summers, a hushed current of excitement in the streets and in the many small retail stores can be felt, for this is the season the sumo wrestlers arrive, soon becoming a common sight. They are broad-shouldered men dressed in yukata, light cotton kimonos, their oiled hair drawn into topknots like the samurai of old.
Nagoya is one of four cities in Japan to host sumo tournaments; annually there are six tournaments. Three take place in Tokyo--where the season opens the second Sunday of January--and single tournaments take place in Osaka in March, Nagoya in July, and Fukuoka in November. Each tournament lasts fifteen days.
Records of sumo date to the earliest written history of Japan, the Kojiki (Record of ancient matters) of A.D. 712, which details a bout between Takemikazuchi-no-Kami (the Deity Brave-Awful-Possessing-Male), a Shinto god who wrestled for the Yamato clan, and Takeminakata-no-Kami (the Deity Brave-August-Name-Firm), the second son of the ruler of Izumo.
Although some scholars disagree that this wrestling match compares favorably with acceptable and historical forms of sumo, many popular accounts record it as being the first sumo match. The only sure conclusion from the Kojiki account and the one explained in the Nihonshoki (The chronicles of Japan, A.D 720) is that wrestling matches were held to settle disputes between warring dynasties and clans and that their outcome could change political history.
Over the years, the imperial court became closely associated with wrestling, and Emperor Shomu is credited with organizing the first national tournament in 728. Imperial sumo flamed brightly as an annual event until the end of the tenth century, when the court's power and wealth declined. As a result, the emperor's wrestling festivals in honor of the gods finally sputtered and died in 1185.
Successive shogun soldiers thereafter adopted sumo as a martial skill, together with horse-, bow-, and swordsmanship. Throughout the Kamakura (1185-1333) and Muromachi (1392-1573) periods, sumo remained in a developmental hiatus, utilized primarily in battle and for the entertainment of the shogun.
In the late sixteenth century, European firearms superseded hand-to-hand combat, and castle towns--like Himeji, Osaka, Nagoya, and Edo--were developed to defy artillery power, lessening the need for wrestlers on the battlefield. During the peaceful centuries of Tokugawa rule, sumo was adopted as a way to raise...
Read Full Article
...is a sport of the past, a sport for the future. It is one we can learn from. Traditionally, its practitioners win as gracefully as they lose, play as nobly as they work. It is a sport for all seasons.
In the bottom-left corner of the banzuke, the ranking list, bold characters read: "May we continue to draw full audiences another thousand and ten thousand years hence." May they so do.
(2,669 of 26,329 characters)
|
|
|
Publication Details
(The World & I Online) |
|
The World & I Online is a
comprehensive academic resource that encompasses a broad range of
articles by scholars and experts in the areas of Global Studies,
Liberal Arts, Fine & Applied Arts, General Science, and Spanish.
Originally published monthly in print as The World & I, our site
includes the complete contents since 1986 and continues to publish
a new issue online each month. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
