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Intellectuals and Foreign Policy: From John King Fairbanks to Paul Wolfowitz |
| Section: MODERN THOUGHT / ESSAYS |
| Author: Morton A. Kaplan |
| Publication: The world & I online |
| Issue Date: 2/1/2004 |
| Size: 7,816 Words, 48,282 Characters |
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The controversy over the influence of Paul Wolfowitz on Iraq policy raises anew the issue of the influence of intellectuals on policy. In the cases of John King Fairbanks and Marshall Shulman, they thought that their detailed knowledge of institutions and the holders of positions within them provided deep insights into how the holders of office would manage policy. In the case of the intellectuals who testified before Senator Fulbright, they thought they could apply generalizations without an inquiry into whether such generalizations were appropriate to particular cases. Intellectuals generally suffer from arrogance, a belief that they are wiser than others, or that they possess a core of knowledge not available to outsiders.
Practitioners, on the other hand, have a tendency to general...
. . .
...ncepts were embedded in party doctrine and in Stalin's constitution of 1936. When Khrushchev attacked Stalinism in his secret speech of 1956, the Enlightenment ideals in terms of which he did so appealed to the party faithful, because he showed how faithlessly Stalinism served them while the concept of historical perfection had been undermined by contemporary science and philosophy of science.
(806 of 48,282 characters)
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